An official website of the United States government
The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before
sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal
government site.
The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the
official website and that any information you provide is encrypted
and transmitted securely.
Noorani I, Lodge A, Vajramani G, Sparrow O.Noorani I, et al.Neurosurgery. 2019 Oct 1;85(4):E684-E692. doi: 10.1093/neuros/nyz103.Neurosurgery. 2019.PMID: 30957177
Noorani I, Lodge A, Durnford A, Vajramani G, Sparrow O.Noorani I, et al.Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2021 Jun;163(6):1623-1634. doi: 10.1007/s00701-021-04793-4. Epub 2021 Mar 22.Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2021.PMID: 33751217Free PMC article.