[Analysis of functional speech sound disorder and related erroneous consonants in children]

Objective: To investigate the features and trends of functional speech sound disorder and related erroneous consonants in children, so as to provide evidence for clinical evaluation and rational intervention. Methods: Clinical data of 1 562 children diagnosed with functional speech sound disorder in the language-speech clinic of the Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics from January 2007 to December 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. By using the mandarin phonetic test table, the picture-naming method was adopted to test the word-level pronunciation. The Chi-square test was conducted to analyze the incidence of consonant errors in different age groups, gender and different places of articulation. The trend in incidence of the consonant errors in different age groups and during the last 12 years were analyzed by chi-square trend test. Results: A total of 1 562 cases were diagnosed with functional speech sound disorder, including 1 171 males and 391 females, the age was 4-17 years. The incidence of consonant errors in different places of articulation was 43.0% (672/1 562) for labial, 47.0% (734/1 562) for lingua-palatal, 63.7% (995/1 562) for velar, 77.7% (1 213/1 562) for linguo-alveolar, 78.9% (1 233/1 562) for apico-dental and 81.6% (1 274/1 562) for palatal. The incidence of consonant errors in males on labial, lingua-palatal, linguo-alveolar and palatal was higher than that in females (44.7% (523/1 171) vs. 38.1% (149/391), 49.1% (575/1 171) vs. 40.7% (159/391), 80.1% (938/1 171) vs. 70.3% (275/391), 82.8% (970/1 171) vs. 77.7% (304/391), χ²=5.138, 8.379, 16.126 and 5.042,all P<0.05). The incidence of consonant errors on labial, lingua-palatal, velar, linguo-alveolar, apico-dental and palatal decreased with age (χ²=27.023, 13.230, 20.579, 29.718, 26.390, and 17.887, all P<0.01). The incidence of consonant errors on labial, linguo-alveolar, apico-dental increased with years (χ²=9.030, 51.894 and 18.507, all P<0.01). Conclusions: The incidence of palatal errors is the highest in children with functional speech sound disorder. As part of the palatal errors could not be completely self-healing with growing, the phonological therapy for palatal errors should be carried out as early as possible. The incidence of consonant errors on labial, linguo-alveolar, and apico-dental presents an upward tendency with years, more attention should be paid to the factors related to the acquisition of these consonants.