Interstellar photovoltaics

Nora Schopp; Ernazar Abdikamalov; Andrii I Mostovyi; Hryhorii P Parkhomenko; Mykhailo M Solovan; Ernest A Asare; Guillermo C Bazan; Thuc-Quyen Nguyen; George F Smoot; Viktor V Brus

doi:10.1038/s41598-023-43224-5

Interstellar photovoltaics

Sci Rep. 2023 Sep 26;13(1):16114. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-43224-5.

Authors

Nora Schopp¹, Ernazar Abdikamalov^{2

3}, Andrii I Mostovyi^{2

4}, Hryhorii P Parkhomenko², Mykhailo M Solovan⁵, Ernest A Asare², Guillermo C Bazan⁶, Thuc-Quyen Nguyen⁷, George F Smoot^{8

9

10

11}, Viktor V Brus¹²

Affiliations

¹ Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB), Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
² Department of Physics, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, 010000, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan.
³ Energetic Cosmos Laboratory, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan.
⁴ Department of Electronics and Energy Engineering, Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Chernivtsi, 58012, Ukraine.
⁵ Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
⁶ Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials (I-FIM), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore. [email protected].
⁷ Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB), Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA. [email protected].
⁸ Energetic Cosmos Laboratory, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan. [email protected].
⁹ Physics Department and LBNL, University of California, Emeritus, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA. [email protected].
¹⁰ Paris Centre for Cosmological Physics, CNRS, Université de Paris, Emeritus, Astroparticule Et Cosmologie, F-75013, Paris, France. [email protected].
¹¹ Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Emeritus, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong. [email protected].
¹² Department of Physics, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, 010000, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan. [email protected].

Abstract

The term 'Solar Cell' is commonly used for Photovoltaics that convert light into electrical energy. However, light can be harvested from various sources not limited to the Sun. This work considers the possibility of harvesting photons from different star types, including our closest neighbor star Proxima Centauri. The theoretical efficiency limits of single junction photovoltaic devices are calculated for different star types at a normalized light intensity corresponding to the AM0 spectrum intensity with AM0 = 1361 W/m². An optimal bandgap of > 12 eV for the hottest O5V star type leads to 47% Shockley-Queisser photoconversion efficiency (SQ PCE), whereas a narrower optimal bandgap of 0.7 eV leads to 23% SQ PCE for the coldest red dwarf M0, M5.5Ve, and M8V type stars. Organic Photovoltaics (OPVs) are the most lightweight solar technology and have the potential to be employed in weight-restricted space applications, including foreseeable interstellar missions. With that in mind, the Sun's G2V spectrum and Proxima Centauri's M5.5Ve spectrum are considered in further detail in combination with two extreme bandgap OPV systems: one narrow bandgap system (PM2:COTIC-4F, E_g = 1.14 eV) and one wide bandgap system (PM6:o-IDTBR, E_g = 1.62 eV). Semi-empirically modeled JV-curves reveal that the absorption characteristics of the PM2:COTIC-4F blend match well with both the G2V and the M5.5Ve spectrum, yielding theoretical PCEs of 22.6% and 12.6%, respectively. In contrast, the PM6:o-IDTBR device shows a theoretical PCE of 18.2% under G2V illumination that drops sharply to 0.9% under M5.5Ve illumination.

Abstract

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