Kristin Onarheim

The economic feasibility of retrofitting an amine based post-combustion CO2 capture process to an existing Kraft pulp mill and an existing integrated pulp and board mill has been assessed. Applying sustainably managed biomass in the pulp and paper processes and capturing the resulting CO2 for permanent storage enables the industry to go carbon negative. In this study, the levelized cost of pulp and the cost of CO2 avoided were evaluated based on different scenarios varying the CO2 tax… Vis mer

The economic feasibility of retrofitting an amine based post-combustion CO2 capture process to an existing Kraft pulp mill and an existing integrated pulp and board mill has been assessed. Applying sustainably managed biomass in the pulp and paper processes and capturing the resulting CO2 for permanent storage enables the industry to go carbon negative. In this study, the levelized cost of pulp and the cost of CO2 avoided were evaluated based on different scenarios varying the CO2 tax, incentives for renewable electricity production, with and without recognizing biogenic CO2 emissions as neutral (exempting CO2 emissions from tax or not), and rewarding captured and permanently stored CO2 with negative emissions credit. Results show that the pulp and paper industry has a potential for realizing feasible implementation of large-scale industrial Bio-CCS. For cases where 60–90% of total site CO2 emissions are captured, the cost of avoided CO2 amounts to 52–66 €/t for the Kraft pulp mill and 71–89 €/t for the integrated pulp and board mill. The cost of avoided CO2, and thus the realization of Bio-CCS in the pulp and paper industry, is strongly dependent on prevailing policy frameworks such as the EU ETS. In order to reach a levelized cost of pulp similar to the reference mill without CO2 capture, a negative CO2 emission credit of 60–70 €/t CO2 for the Kraft pulp mill and 70–80 €/t CO2 for the integrated pulp and board mill will be required. As long as biogenic CO2 emissions that are captured and permanently stored are not recognized as negative and rewarded accordingly there is no economic incentive for the owners of pulp and paper mills to implement CCS. The only way to get the pulp and paper industry to implement and deploy Bio-CCS will need the support of the decision-makers in promoting the right policy framework and regulations to encourage the investment such as strong incentives for negative emissions which are bankable during the long term operation of the mills. Vis mindre

The performance of an amine-based post-combustion CO2 capture and storage (CCS) process in an existing Kraft pulp mill and an existing pulp and board mill was assessed. The pulp and paper industry is an energy-intensive industry, with significant amounts of CO2 emitted onsite. The majority of this CO2 originates from the combustion of biomass, which renders it carbon neutral if the biomass used by the industry is grown and harvested in a sustainable manner. If the CO2 emissions from the pulp… Vis mer

The performance of an amine-based post-combustion CO2 capture and storage (CCS) process in an existing Kraft pulp mill and an existing pulp and board mill was assessed. The pulp and paper industry is an energy-intensive industry, with significant amounts of CO2 emitted onsite. The majority of this CO2 originates from the combustion of biomass, which renders it carbon neutral if the biomass used by the industry is grown and harvested in a sustainable manner. If the CO2 emissions from the pulp and paper industry were to be captured and permanently stored, then this could make the industry a potential carbon sink.In this evaluation, different configurations of capturing CO2 from the flue gases of the recovery boiler,the multi-fuel boiler and the lime kiln were assessed. For a stand-alone Kraft pulp mill, the excess steam available is sufficient to cover the demand from the CO2 capture plant. For an integrated pulp and board mill, there is less excess steam available for the CO2 capture plant and an auxiliary boiler may be required.The retrofit of a post-combustion CO2 capture plant into an existing pulp mill increases the steam demand by 1–8 GJ/air dried tonne (adt) pulp, depending on the volume of the flue gas treated. This translates toa reduction in the amount of electricity exported to the grid by 0.1–1.0 MWh/adt pulp for a stand-alone Kraft pulp mill, and by 0.1–0.5 MWh/adt pulp for an integrated pulp and board mill. The total potential for negative CO2 emissions amounts to just under 2.0 Mt CO2/a both for the market pulp mill and for the integrated pulp and board mill. Vis mindre

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2015.12.008