One of the major factors limiting the staging accuracy of conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for prostatic carcinoma, is the similarity in signal intensity between tumor and coexisting benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). As neovascularity is an independent indicator of pathological state, dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI may yield additional information. This study correlates the histopathological findings from 12 radical prostatectomy patients on a region-by-region basis, with pharmacokinetic modeling of dynamic contrast-enhanced (0.2 mmol dimeglumine gadopentetate/kg), fast multiplanar spoilt gradient-recalled echo images, using a two-compartment simplex minimization technique. Quantitative analysis demonstrated differences in the amplitude of the initial contrast upslope and contrast exchange rate between tumor and fibromuscular BPH (P<0.03 and P<0.03, respectively) and for the contrast exchange rate between tumor and fibroglandular BPH (P<0.04), providing improved delineation of intraprostatic tumor extent compared with conventional imaging techniques.