We conducted a survey of Society for Pediatric Anesthesia anesthesiologists practicing within the United States to determine the frequency of tracheal intubation of healthy infants and children using an inhaled anesthetic without muscle relaxation (IAWMR). We also examined reasons for the use of this technique. Of all responders who listed their most often used technique for tracheal intubation of healthy infants and children, IAWMR was chosen over intubation with a muscle relaxant by 38.1% and 43.6%, respectively. Anesthesiologists who most often used IAWMR for tracheal intubation of healthy infants and children had over twice the odds (odds ratio [OR] 2.30 for infants, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18-4.50; P = 0.015) of classifying their own practice as nonacademic, and one-third the odds (OR 0.34 for infants, 95% CI 0.17-0.68; P = 0.002) of conducting more than half of their cases in a supervisory role. Anesthesiologists who use IAWMR to tracheally intubate healthy pediatric patients most commonly selected as their reasons the lack of need for a muscle relaxant and the desire to avoid both succinylcholine and the excessive duration of nondepolarizing muscle relaxants.
Implications: Inhaled anesthetic without muscle relaxation is the most often used method of intubation for more than one third of Society for Pediatric Anesthesia anesthesiologists when tracheally intubating healthy, fasted pediatric patients undergoing elective procedures. The frequency of this practice seems to be highest in nonacademic practices.