Nonenzymatic reduction of nitro derivative of a heterocyclic amine IQ by NADH and Cu(II) leads to oxidative DNA damage

Biochemistry. 1999 Jun 15;38(24):7624-9. doi: 10.1021/bi982906b.

Abstract

Nitro derivative (nitro-IQ) of a carcinogenic heterocyclic amine 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) is known to be a potent mutagen as well as IQ, and nitro-IQ is believed to be activated enzymatically by nitroreductase. We investigated nonenzymatic reduction of nitro-IQ by an endogenous reductant NADH and the ability of inducing DNA damage by nitro-IQ. Nitro-IQ caused DNA damage including 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine in the presence of NADH and Cu(II). Catalase and bathocuproine, a Cu(I)-specific chelator, inhibited the DNA damage, suggesting the involvement of H2O2 and Cu(I). Nitro-IQ induced DNA cleavage frequently at thymine and cytosine residues in the presence of NADH and Cu(II). UV-vis spectroscopic study showed that no spectral change of Nitro-IQ and NADH was observed in the absence of Cu(II), while rapid spectral change was observed in the presence of Cu(II), suggesting that Cu(II) mediated redox reaction of nitro-IQ and NADH. These results suggest that nitro-IQ can be reduced nonenzymatically by NADH in the presence of Cu(II), and the redox reaction resulted in oxidative DNA damage due to the copper-oxygen complex, derived from the reaction of Cu(I) with H2O2. We conclude that nonenzymatic reduction of nitro-IQ and resulting in oxidative DNA damage can play a role in carcinogenesis of IQ.

MeSH terms

  • 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine
  • Animals
  • Cattle
  • Copper / chemistry*
  • DNA / chemistry
  • DNA / drug effects
  • DNA Damage*
  • Deoxyguanosine / analogs & derivatives
  • Deoxyguanosine / chemistry
  • Free Radical Scavengers / chemistry
  • Humans
  • Mutagens / chemistry
  • NAD / chemistry*
  • Oxidation-Reduction
  • Oxidative Stress*
  • Phenanthrolines / chemistry
  • Phosphorus Radioisotopes
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / chemistry
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / genetics
  • Quinolines / chemistry*
  • Quinolines / toxicity
  • Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
  • Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / chemistry
  • Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / genetics

Substances

  • Free Radical Scavengers
  • Mutagens
  • Phenanthrolines
  • Phosphorus Radioisotopes
  • Quinolines
  • Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
  • NAD
  • 2-nitro-3-methylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline
  • Copper
  • 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine
  • DNA
  • bathocuproine
  • HRAS protein, human
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)
  • Deoxyguanosine