Abstract
A nested PCR was developed for detection of the Clostridium botulinum type C1 toxin gene in sediments collected from wetlands where avian botulism outbreaks had or had not occurred. The C1 toxin gene was detected in 16 of 18 sites, demonstrating both the ubiquitous distribution of C. botulinum type C in wetland sediments and the sensitivity of the detection assay.
Publication types
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Bird Diseases / epidemiology
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Bird Diseases / microbiology*
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Birds
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Botulinum Toxins / genetics*
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Botulism / epidemiology
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Botulism / microbiology
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Botulism / veterinary*
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California / epidemiology
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Clostridium botulinum / genetics*
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Clostridium botulinum / metabolism
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Disease Outbreaks
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Fresh Water
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Genes, Bacterial
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Geologic Sediments / microbiology*
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North Dakota / epidemiology
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Polymerase Chain Reaction / methods
Substances
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Botulinum Toxins
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botulinum toxin type C