Epstein Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative-disorders primarily involving the skin

J Cutan Pathol. 1999 May;26(5):242-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.1999.tb01837.x.

Abstract

In cases of solid organ or bone marrow transplantation, up to 2 to 10% of patients may develop lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD), often induced by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Despite a morphology mimicking malignant lymphoma, in some cases the lesions will disappear completely after the degree of immunosuppression is lowered. Lately, similar processes have been described in non-transplant, immunosuppressed patients. A SNOMED search was performed on the database of three hospitals between 1990 and 1997, to identify patients with immunosuppression-related lymphoproliferative disorders (IR-LPD) involving primarily the skin. Two patients were identified. One was 2 years after kidney transplantation, and the other was being treated with methotrexate for dermatomyositis. In both biopsies, there was a diffuse perivascular proliferation of large lymphocytes with ample cytoplasm and pleomorphic nuclei, associated with extensive dermal and subcutaneous necrosis. Immunohistochemical studies revealed expression of CD20, CD45RO, CD43, CD30, EBV-LMP1, and EBV-NA2 by the atypical lymphocytes in both cases and, in one case, of the EBV-transcriptional replication activation protein. In both cases the lesions completely disappeared and have not recurred. Primary involvement of the skin by IR-LPD is very rare. Based on our results, it is possible that some of these cases in the skin contain EBV and co-express CD30 and T- and B-cell markers. The diagnosis of IR-LPD should be considered in cutaneous lymphoid proliferations in immunosuppressed patients. Before rendering an unequivocal diagnosis of malignant lymphoma, reduction of immunosuppression and follow-up of 4-8 weeks should be considered.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Antigens, CD / biosynthesis
  • Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens / biosynthesis
  • Female
  • Herpesvirus 4, Human / isolation & purification*
  • Humans
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Immunosuppression Therapy / adverse effects
  • Lymphocytes / metabolism
  • Lymphocytes / pathology
  • Lymphocytes / virology
  • Lymphoproliferative Disorders / metabolism
  • Lymphoproliferative Disorders / pathology
  • Lymphoproliferative Disorders / virology*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Skin Diseases / metabolism
  • Skin Diseases / pathology
  • Skin Diseases / virology*
  • Viral Matrix Proteins / biosynthesis
  • Virus Activation

Substances

  • Antigens, CD
  • EBV-associated membrane antigen, Epstein-Barr virus
  • Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens
  • Viral Matrix Proteins