Abstract
Serum response factor (SRF) regulates transcription of many serum-inducible and muscle-specific genes. Using a functional screen, we identified LIM kinase-1 as a potent activator of SRF. We show that SRF activation by LIM kinase-1 is dependent on its ability to regulate actin treadmilling. LIM kinase activity is not essential for SRF activation by serum, but signals depend on alterations in actin dynamics. Studies with actin-binding drugs, the actin-specific C2 toxin, and actin overexpression demonstrate that G-actin level controls SRF. Regulation of actin dynamics is necessary for serum induction of a subset of SRF target genes, including vinculin, cytoskeletal actin, and srf itself, and also suffices for their activation. Actin treadmilling provides a convergence point for both serum- and LIM kinase-1-induced signaling to SRF.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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3T3 Cells
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Actins / metabolism*
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Animals
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COS Cells
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Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / metabolism
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Cytoskeleton / metabolism
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DNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism*
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Flow Cytometry
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GTP-Binding Proteins / metabolism
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Gene Expression Regulation / physiology
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JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases*
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Lim Kinases
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MAP Kinase Kinase 4
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Mice
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases*
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Molecular Sequence Data
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Nuclear Proteins / metabolism*
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Phosphorylation
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Polymers
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Protein Kinases / metabolism
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Serum Response Factor
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Signal Transduction / physiology*
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Transcription, Genetic / physiology
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Zinc Fingers / physiology
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rhoA GTP-Binding Protein
Substances
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Actins
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DNA-Binding Proteins
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Nuclear Proteins
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Polymers
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Serum Response Factor
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Protein Kinases
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Lim Kinases
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Limk1 protein, mouse
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Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases
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JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1
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MAP Kinase Kinase 4
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases
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GTP-Binding Proteins
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rhoA GTP-Binding Protein
Associated data
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GENBANK/L18880
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GENBANK/M32599