Human cytomegalovirus replication was evaluated in polymorphonuclear leukocytes from ten renal transplant recipients. Three new reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions with plate hybridization suitable for automation were developed for the detection of immediate-early spliced UL123 mRNA, early-late pp65 mRNA, and late spliced UL22 mRNA. The presence of UL22mRNA was found to be significantly associated with the occurrence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease.