A clinical and morphological classification of the sequelae of craniocerebral injury is proposed, which identifies tissue, spinal fluid dynamic, and vascular forms of posttraumatic pathology. The paper shows the necessity of leading development of present-day conceptual approaches to treating the sequelae of craniocerebral injury by using research knowledge of their pathogenesis and new medical technologies. A hundred eighty one cases of chronic subdural hematomas were used as an example to show a role of conceptual approaches to expanding the field of applying minimum invasive surgery and to substantially improving the results of management.