We reviewed the course and outcome of all Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) exit-site and tunnel infections (ESI/TI) that occurred at our home peritoneal dialysis (PD) unit over a 3-year period (July 1995 to June 1998). We documented PA ESI/TI in 19 out of a total of 467 patients. Of the 19 patients, 12 having local redness and tenderness but no discharge were treated conservatively with increased frequency of dressing with or without hydrogen peroxide locally. Of the 12 cases receiving local care, 7 resolved without recurrence over 14.4 months follow-up, while the remaining 5 developed persistent ESI/TI with discharge and required treatment with antibiotics. Seven more patients who initially presented with purulent discharge also received systemic antibiotics. Only 1 of the 12 patients with PA ESI/TI treated with antibiotics resolved; the remaining 11 patients developed PA peritonitis over a 1-month to 7-month period after the initial PA ESI/TI. In 2 of these 11 patients, simultaneous PD catheter removal and replacement was attempted for the treatment of PA ESI/TI, but these patients also developed PA peritonitis 1-3 weeks after the procedure. Of the 11 patients with PA peritonitis associated with PA ESI/TI, 1 died, 6 were transferred to permanent hemodialysis, and just 4 continued PD after PD catheter replacement. Though not frequent, PA ESI/TI is still a serious complication of home PD at our unit, resulting in ESI/TI-related PA peritonitis and catheter loss in 58% of cases. Local treatment of mild PA ESI/TI (redness and induration) seems to be effective. On the other hand, patients with purulent discharge are likely to develop peritonitis and technique failure despite antibiotic therapy. Early catheter replacement can be considered in these cases.