Abstract
Mammary epithelial cells undergo cycles of proliferation, invasion, differentiation and apoptotic cell-death throughout adult life. The molecular mechanisms that regulate these complex and co-ordinated developmental programs are poorly understood. We have identified Id-1 protein, a negative regulator of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, as a critical regulator of these normal mammary epithelial cell phenotypes. We also found that Id-1 is an important regulator of the aggressive and invasive phenotype, as well as mediator of the effects of sex steroid hormones, in human breast cancer cells.
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Breast / cytology*
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Breast / metabolism
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Breast Neoplasms / metabolism
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Breast Neoplasms / pathology
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Epithelial Cells / cytology
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Epithelial Cells / metabolism
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Estrogens
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Estrus
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Female
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Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
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Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
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Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs / physiology*
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Humans
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Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1
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Mammary Glands, Animal / cytology*
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Mammary Glands, Animal / metabolism
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Menstrual Cycle
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Mice
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Neoplasm Invasiveness
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Neoplasm Proteins / genetics
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Neoplasm Proteins / physiology
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Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / genetics
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Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / metabolism
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Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / pathology
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Phenotype
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Rats
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Repressor Proteins*
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Transcription Factors / genetics
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Transcription Factors / physiology*
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Transfection
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Tumor Cells, Cultured
Substances
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Estrogens
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ID1 protein, human
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ID1 protein, rat
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Idb1 protein, mouse
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Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1
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Neoplasm Proteins
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Repressor Proteins
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Transcription Factors