This study aimed at evaluating the structure for cancer patient assistance and antineoplasic chemotherapy assistance process. It has been performed at six internation units and one out-patient unit at a university hospital. Systematized observation and semistructured interview were used from January to June, 1996. It was noticed the there were some deficiencies in the physical area and installations of the studied units. Generally, nursing team had no formal training in Oncology, except for Chemotherapy Sector. The absence of a systematized nursing assistance and differences among the studied units as for technical organizational aspects for antineoplasic administration as well as patients and staff interaction has been observed. Inadequations observed could be minimized with such a politics which would be able to increase public sector financing, planting of systematized care and inclusion of Oncology in the permanent nursing team education.