In this article, we propose that successful processing of traumatic events involves emotional engagement with the trauma memory, organization of the trauma narrative, and correction of dysfunctional cognitions that often follow trauma. We further propose that the success of psychosocial treatments of posttraumatic stress disorder hinges on the ability of the treatments to address impairments in these processes. We focus our presentation of psychosocial interventions on cognitive-behavioral treatments (CBT), since this approach had gained the most empirical support to date, and describe the results of controlled trials that compare the relative efficacy of several CBT interventions.