Advances in technology and skills have resulted in the improved detection of fetal ultrasound abnormalities by ultrasound. In addition, the development of new diagnostic methods has resulted in major advances in our ability to detect microscopic and submicroscopic chromosome abnormalities as well as single gene disorders. This often enables us to provide the family with accurate information regarding the aetiology, prognosis, the risk of recurrence and the prenatal diagnosis options available in future pregnancies. Genetic counselling is important because this information should be communicated to the family in simple language, with care and sensitivity, so that the family can make decisions that are fully informed.