Tuberculosis is a common disease in children but it is highly mismanaged. It is bound to be triggered off by HIV infection in the near future. The importance of HIV and TB has become apparent from the high incidence of disease caused by mycobacteria in AIDS patients. The injudicious use of needles and syringes should be discouraged in high HIV prevalence countries. Multiple drug resistant tuberculosis is emerging as one of the most important problems in medical history. It is often created by health workers who administer anti-TB drugs improperly. The diagnostic aspects and treatment are discussed.