Abstract
Yeast two-hybrid techniques were used to identify possible effectors for the heterotrimeric G protein G(z) in human bone marrow cells. Eya2, a human homologue of the Drosophila Eya transcription co-activator, was identified. Eya2 interacts with activated Galpha(z) and at least one other member of the Galpha(i) family, Galpha(i2). Interactions were confirmed in mammalian two-hybrid and glutathione S-transferase fusion protein pull-down assays. Regions of Eya2-mediating interaction were mapped to the C-terminal Eya consensus domain. Eya2 is an intrinsically cytosolic protein that is translocated to the nucleus by members of the Six homeodomain-containing family of proteins. Activated Galpha(z) and Galpha(i2) prevent Eya2 translocation and inhibit Six/Eya2-mediated activation of a reporter gene controlled through the MEF3/TATA promoter. Although G proteins are known to regulate the activity of numerous transcription factors, this regulation is normally achieved indirectly via one or more intermediates. We show here a novel functional regulation of a co-activator directly by G protein subunits.
Publication types
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Bone Marrow Cells / metabolism
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Cell Nucleus / metabolism
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Consensus Sequence
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Cytosol / metabolism
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Fluorescent Antibody Technique
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GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go / genetics
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GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go / metabolism*
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Genes, Reporter / genetics
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HeLa Cells
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Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins / genetics
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Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins / metabolism*
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Homeodomain Proteins / metabolism*
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Humans
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Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
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Nerve Tissue Proteins / metabolism
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Nuclear Proteins
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Promoter Regions, Genetic / genetics
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Protein Binding
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Protein Subunits
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Protein Transport
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Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
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Trans-Activators / antagonists & inhibitors
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Trans-Activators / chemistry
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Trans-Activators / genetics
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Trans-Activators / metabolism*
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Two-Hybrid System Techniques
Substances
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Homeodomain Proteins
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Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
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Nerve Tissue Proteins
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Nuclear Proteins
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Protein Subunits
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SIX1 protein, human
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SIX4 protein, human
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Six1 protein, mouse
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Trans-Activators
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EYA2 protein, human
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Eya2 protein, mouse
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Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
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GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go
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Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins