Here we report the case of a previously healthy 32-year-old HLA B27 positive male who developed completely reversible acute oliguric renal failure in the course of nonfulminant hepatitis A infection. This is a rare complication of uncertain etiology. B27 positive individuals are prone to a number of immune system derangements including overreacting in interactions with some microbiologic agents. We made our consideration on the basis of some experimental models and the presumed pathogenesis of reactive arthritis in these individuals. As a result here we postulate a hepatitis A virus-triggered, immune mediated mechanism of renal injury restricted to genetically susceptible (i.e. B27 positive) individuals. In regard to this hypothesis we warrant additional HLA-profiles and future similar cases for further confirms and conclusions.