Abstract
Because of the absence of specific marker, the histological classification of gliomas remain controversial. Identifying the genetic alterations involved in gliomas makes it possible to define specific molecular pathway of tumoral progression and to define markers of prognostic and diagnostic relevance. For example, p53 mutations are frequent in low grade astrocytoma, anaplastic astrocytoma and secondary glioblastoma suggesting that it takes place at an early stage of development of astrocytic tumors, whereas inactivation of PTEN arises mainly in glioblastomas and EGFR amplification is preferentially associated with "de novo" glioblastoma. Loss of chromosomes 1p and 19q characterizes oligodendroglial tumors. However the putative tumor suppressor genes located on 1p and 19q and specifically inactivated are not known yet. Emerging technologies, like microarrays and microdissection, will allow to refine molecular data and provide a molecular classification of gliomas mechanism involved in the repair of the respiratory epithelium.
MeSH terms
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Cell Cycle Proteins / biosynthesis
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Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / genetics
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Central Nervous System Neoplasms / classification
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Central Nervous System Neoplasms / genetics*
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Central Nervous System Neoplasms / pathology
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Chromosome Aberrations
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Chromosome Deletion
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Chromosomes, Human / genetics
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Chromosomes, Human / ultrastructure
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ErbB Receptors / biosynthesis
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ErbB Receptors / genetics
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Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
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Genes, Tumor Suppressor*
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Genes, cdc
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Genes, p53
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Genotype
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Glioma / classification
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Glioma / genetics*
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Glioma / pathology
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Humans
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Neoplasm Proteins / biosynthesis
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Neoplasm Proteins / genetics
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Oligodendroglioma / classification
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Oligodendroglioma / genetics
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Oligodendroglioma / pathology
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Oncogenes*
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PTEN Phosphohydrolase
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Phenotype
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Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / biosynthesis
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Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / genetics
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Tumor Suppressor Proteins*
Substances
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Cell Cycle Proteins
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Neoplasm Proteins
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Tumor Suppressor Proteins
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ErbB Receptors
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Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases
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PTEN Phosphohydrolase
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PTEN protein, human