Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) have been most strongly associated with a syndrome (APS) characterized by venous and/or arterial thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, recurrent fetal losses and a variety of non-thrombotic and thrombotic neurological disorders. Cerebral ischemia associated with aPL is the most common arterial thrombotic manifestation. Other neurological syndromes, such as cognitive dysfunction, dementia, psychosis, depression, seizures, chorea and transverse myelopathy, have all been associated with antiphospholipid antibodies.