Abstract
Geranylgeranylacetone (GGA), an isoprenoid compound, is used clinically as an anti-ulcer drug. Since some isoprenoids including retinoids have anti-tumor and anti-viral activities in a variety of cell types, we investigated whether GGA could induce anti-viral proteins in human hepatoma cells. The HuH-7 and HepG2 cells were treated with GGA, and expression of anti-viral proteins such as 2'5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (2'5'-OAS) and double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) in these cells was analyzed. GGA stimulated 2'5'-OAS and PKR gene expression at the transcriptional level through the formation of interferon-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3), which regulates both gene transcription. By Western blotting, GGA induced expression of signal transducers and activators of transcription 1, 2 (STAT1, STAT2) and p48 proteins, components of ISGF3, together with the phosphorylation of STAT1. These results suggest that GGA acts as a potent inducer of anti-viral gene expression by stimulating the ISGF3 formation in human hepatoma cells.
Copyright 2001 Academic Press.
MeSH terms
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2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase / genetics*
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Antiviral Agents / metabolism*
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Base Sequence
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Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / drug therapy*
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Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / genetics*
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Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / metabolism
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DNA Primers / genetics
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DNA-Binding Proteins / biosynthesis
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DNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism
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Diterpenes / pharmacology*
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Gene Expression / drug effects
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Humans
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Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3
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Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3, gamma Subunit
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Phosphorylation
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Receptors, Retinoic Acid / metabolism
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STAT1 Transcription Factor
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STAT2 Transcription Factor
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Trans-Activators / metabolism
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Transcription Factors / biosynthesis
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Tumor Cells, Cultured
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eIF-2 Kinase / genetics*
Substances
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Antiviral Agents
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DNA Primers
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DNA-Binding Proteins
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Diterpenes
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IRF9 protein, human
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Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3
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Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3, gamma Subunit
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Receptors, Retinoic Acid
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STAT1 Transcription Factor
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STAT1 protein, human
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STAT2 Transcription Factor
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STAT2 protein, human
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Trans-Activators
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Transcription Factors
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eIF-2 Kinase
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2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase
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geranylgeranylacetone