Implementation of sulfate adsorption in the SAFE model

J Environ Qual. 2001 Jan-Feb;30(1):45-57. doi: 10.2134/jeq2001.30145x.

Abstract

An SO4(2-) adsorption submodel has been implemented in the dynamic soil chemistry model SAFE. The submodel calculates pH-dependent SO4(2-) and H+ adsorption to the soil, as well as the net surface charge development due to uneven adsorption of SO4(2-) and H+, using the empirical equations derived from an electrostatic model (Extended Constant Capacitance Model, ECCM) of SO4(2-) adsorption. The resulting new SAFE model was applied on a roof experiment plot in the Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.] stand at Solling, Germany, where atmospheric S and N deposition was artificially reduced by the roof construction. The model performance was compared with the previous versions that used a pH-independent Freudlich model of SO4(2-) adsorption or assumed no SO4(2-) adsorption. With the ECCM-based SO4(2-) adsorption submodel, SAFE simulated soil solution SO4(2-) concentration and base saturation better, in comparison with measured data, than with the previous SO4(2-) adsorption formulations. Through the model application, also, need of additional improvement was suggested, such as calibration of mass transfer coefficients.

MeSH terms

  • Adsorption
  • Calibration
  • Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
  • Kinetics
  • Models, Theoretical*
  • Soil Pollutants / pharmacokinetics*
  • Sulfates / pharmacokinetics*

Substances

  • Soil Pollutants
  • Sulfates