Mitral valve repair has demonstrated its superiority over valve replacement. Mitral valve repair constitutes the optimal therapeutic option in case of degenerative dystrophic, rheumatic, congenital or ischemic mitral valve disease. These surgical techniques can also be successfully and advantageously applied in case of bacterial endocarditis or tumoral valvular disease. We report a case of staphylococcal endocarditis and another case of posterior leaflet fibroelastoma to show the place of conservative mitral surgery in these unusual indications.