[Agreement in the measurement of blood pressure among different health professionals. Are mercury sphygmomanometers reliable?]

Aten Primaria. 2001 Mar 15;27(4):234-43. doi: 10.1016/S0212-6567(01)78802-6.
[Article in Spanish]

Abstract

Objectives: To assess reliability in terms of inter-observer agreement of blood pressure (BP) readings. Various health professionals and measuring systems. Influence of observer's experience.

Design: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study.

Setting: Urban health centre, Córdoba.

Participants: 131 hypertensive, randomised patients, belonging to a functional care unit. 11 were excluded.

Measurements: To reduce variability: course on the right way to take blood pressure, otoscope and verification of visual sharpness of observers, calibration and validation of measuring devices, limited time and blinding of measurements. 4 BP measurements per patient: 3 with mercury sphygmomanometer (2 simultaneously, one individual) and one with an automatic device. Descriptive, clinical and somatometric variables were gathered. Inter-observer agreement was evaluated through the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), the mean of differences method (MDM) and the simple concordance index (CI). An ICC > 0.75 was thought acceptable. A difference > 5 mmHg was thought clinically relevant (MDM and CI).

Main results: Acceptable consistency for MDM: alone, systolic and diastolic pressure of OBS 1/ OBS 2, bi-auricular, -6.1/+8.9 mmHg and -6.8/+5.8 mmHg. Less favourable results: for systolic and diastolic pressure: OBS 1/AUTO -20.9/25.0 and -16.4/15.1; OBS 2/AUTO -22.8/24.4 and -16.6/15.2. Remaining intervals always > 10 mmHg; CI > 0.75 in all comparisons except diastolic pressure OBS 1/AUTO and diastolic pressure OBS 2/AUTO (0.69 in both cases). 41% of comparisons were > 5 mmHg. No differences in less expert professionals were found.

Conclusions: Inaccuracy of the standard BP measurement method (mercury sphygmomanometer) for MDM and CI. Contradictory conclusions according to method of measurement. Differences not clinically acceptable.

Objetivos: Valorar fiabilidad en términos de concordancia interobservador de las tomas de presión arterial (PA). Varios profesionales sanitarios y sistemas de medición. Influencia de la experiencia del observador.

Diseño: Estudio observacional, descriptivo transversal.

Emplazamiento: Centro de salud urbano, Córdoba.

Participantes: Un total de 131 pacientes hipertensos, aleatorizados, pertenecientes a una unidad de atención funcional; se excluyó a 11.

Mediciones: Para disminuir variabilidad: curso sobre la toma correcta de la PA, otoscopia y comprobación de agudeza visual de los observadores, calibración y validación de aparatos de medida, tiempo limitado y cegamiento de medidas. Se realizaron 4 mediciones de PA por paciente, tres con esfigmomanómetro de mercurio (EMM) (dos simultáneas, una individual) y una con aparato automático. Se recogieron variables descriptivas, clínicas y somatométricas. La concordancia interobservador se evaluó mediante el coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI), método de la media de las diferencias (MMD) e índice de concordancia simple (ICS). Un CCI > de 0,75 se consideró aceptable. Una diferencia > 5 mmHg se consideró relevante clínicamente (MMD e ICS).

Resultados principales: Acuerdo aceptable para el MMD: sólo, PAS y PAD de OBS-1/OBS-2, biauricular, (–6,1/+ 8,9 mmHg) y (–6,8/+ 5,8 mmHg). Resultados más desfavorables: para TAS y TAD: OBS-1/AUTO –20,9/25,0 y –16,4/15,1; OBS-2/AUTO –22,8/24,4 y –16,6/15,2. Resto de intervalos siempre > 10 mmHg; CCI > 0,75 en todas las comparaciones, excepto PAD OBS-1/AUTO y PAD OBS-2/AUTO (0,69 para ambos). Un 41% de comparaciones > 5 mmHg. Sin diferencias en profesional menos experto.

Conclusiones: Inexactitud del método de medida de PA de referencia (EMM) para MMD e ICS. Conclusiones contradictorias según método de medida. Diferencias no aceptables clínicamente.

Publication types

  • English Abstract

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Blood Pressure Determination / instrumentation*
  • Blood Pressure Determination / statistics & numerical data*
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Female
  • Health Personnel
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Observer Variation
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Sphygmomanometers*