From June 1991 till March 1994, sixteen patients with extension knee contracture as a war injury complication were operatively treated at the Department of Orthopedics, Zagreb University School of Medicine. Infection was present in all patients. During the same period of time, 32 patients with extension knee contracture as a war injury complication and free from the signs of infection were also treated at the Department and served as a control group. The mean age at the time of wounding was 28.3 and 31.8 years in the study and control group, respectively. Operative procedures of extensive intra- and extra-articular adhesiolysis of the knee were performed in all patients. The mean duration of immobilization following injury infliction was 5.5 and 4.9 months in the study and control group, respectively. The mean preoperative knee motion amplitude ranged from 8 degrees in extension to 37 degrees in flexion in the study group, and from 5 degrees in extension to 38 degrees in flexion in the control group. Postoperatively, the mean knee motion amplitude ranged from 2.8 degrees in extension to 97 degrees in flexion in the study group, and from 1.9 degrees in extension to 100 degrees in flexion in the control group. Treatment results did not depend on either the presence of infection in the region of injury or on the duration of preoperative knee immobilization. The treatment of infection was most important for the success of operative treatment of knee contracture. A significant role was also played by adequate intra- and extra-articular adhesiolysis with appropriate intensive postoperative rehabilitation.