In order to explore the effect of vasectomy on spermatogenesis and proliferation of rat spermatogenic cell, we detected the DNA content of rat spermatogenic cells by flow cytometry at 4 weeks and 8 weeks after vasectomy. The results showed that the percentages of 1C cell group (spermatid and sperm) in the two experimental groups were apparently lower than that of the two control groups respectively (P < 0.05), but the percentage of 2C cell group (spermatogonium and spermotocyte) in the two experiment groups were much higher than those of the two control groups respectively (P < 0.05); The proliferation index (PI) of experimental groups was significantly lower than that of control groups (P < 0.05) and most of the cells in the experimental groups were on G0/G phase. The percentage of S-phase cell in the 8 weeks experimental group was obviously lower than that of the 4 weeks experimental group. These findings suggest that vasectomy in rat may affect many stages in spermatogenesis and delay the proliferation of spermatogenic cell.