Objectives: This study compared a prediction of mean left atrial pressure (P(LA)) ascertained by Doppler echocardiography of pulmonary venous flow (PVF), with predicted P(LA) using the pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (P(PAO)).
Background: In select patient groups, PVF variables correlate with P(PAO)) an indirect measure of P(LA).
Methods: In 93 patients undergoing cardiac surgery, we recorded with transesophageal echocardiography mitral valve early (E) and late (A) wave velocities, deceleration time (DT) of E (DT(E)), and pulmonary vein systolic (S) and diastolic (D) wave velocities, DT of D (DT(D)) and systolic fraction. The P(PAO) was measured using a pulmonary artery catheter zeroed to midaxillary level. A further catheter was held at midatrial level to zero a transducer and was then inserted into the left atrium. A prediction rule for P(LA) from DT(D) was developed in 50 patients and applied prospectively to estimate P(LA) in 43 patients.
Results: A close correlation (r = -0.92) was found between P(LA) and DT(D). Systolic fraction (r = -0.63), DT(E) (r = -0.61), D wave (r = 0.57), E wave (r = 0.52), and E/A ratio (r = 0.13) correlated less closely with P(LA). The mean difference between predicted and measured P(LA) was 0.58 mm Hg for DT(D) method and 1.72 mm Hg for P(PAO), with limits of agreement (mean +/- 2 SE) of -2.94 to 4.10 mm Hg and -2.48 to 5.92 mm Hg, respectively. A DT(D)) of <175 ms had 100% sensitivity and 94% specificity for a P(LA) of >17 mm Hg.
Conclusions: Deceleration time of pulmonary vein diastolic wave is more accurate than P(PAO) in estimating left atrial pressure in cardiac surgical patients.