Intra-nigral administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrindine (MPTP) caused a lesion in the substantia nigra, compact part (SNc) and a specific loss of dopamine and its metabolites in the striatum of rats. The animals were then tested in the two-way active avoidance task. MPTP-treated animals presented lower learning scores in the training and test sessions, an effect that was not caused by motor impairment or by a decreased sensitivity to footshock since their reaction time to the footshock (unconditioned stimulus - UCS) was not reduced. These lower scores were also not attributable to lower acoustic sensitivity or to a slowing in the association of the sound cue (conditioned stimulus - CS) with the UCS since the reaction time to the CS in the active avoidance response did not differ between MPTP-treated and control groups. Therefore, these results are more properly attributable to an impairment of the memory acquisition and retention processes. In addition, this study is presented as a model of early Parkinson's Disease amnesia and is discussed in terms of the importance of the nigrostriatal pathway to memory acquisition and storage processes.