Despite medical therapeutic advances, congestive heart failure (CHF), which is the common ultimate consequence of many primary cardiovascular diseases, remains a major and growing public health problem. Although orthotopic heart transplantation is the gold standard, there is now growing evidence that one therapeutic option could be cellular cardiomyoplasty. Autologous adult skeletal myoblast transplantation seems to be the most clinically relevant, compared with other cell types, in that it avoids immunosuppression therapy, availability and ethical issues. Previous experimental studies have documented the efficacy of myoblast transplantation in improving function of infarcted myocardium. Although the mechanisms involved in this improvement are not elucidated, it has been demonstrated convincingly enough to consider ripping to clinical trials.