In 1985, Andrews et al first described superior labral lesions primarily located in the anterosuperior aspect of the labrum in 73 athletes who throw overhead. Subsequently, Snyder et al coined the term superior labrum anterior to posterior lesion by identifying and classifying injury to the labrum that originated posteriorly and extended anteriorly. During the past 15 years, these superior labral injuries have been the source of approximately 70 peer-reviewed publications in the English language literature. Substantial debate continues, however, with reference to the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of these lesions. The current review defines the anatomy, possible etiologies, diagnosis, and treatment of injuries to the superior labrum.