Breakthrough of 225Ac and its radionuclide daughters from an 225Ac/213Bi generator: development of new methods, quantitative characterization, and implications for clinical use

Appl Radiat Isot. 2001 Nov;55(5):667-78. doi: 10.1016/s0969-8043(01)00062-8.

Abstract

Bisumth-213, a short-lived alpha particle emitting radionuclide, is generated from the decay of 225Ac, which has a half-life of 10 days. The development of a clinical 225Ac/213Bi generator and the preparation of a 213Bi radiolabeled antibody for radioimmunotherapy of leukemia have been reported. The 225Ac decay scheme is complex; therefore a thorough understanding of the impact of both the parent 225Ac and its daughters on radiolabeling, purification, and quantification is necessary for optimal use of the generator system. This paper reports: (i) unique new methods to measure 221Fr, 213Bi, and 209Pb, the prominent daughters of 225Ac; and (ii) a quantitative evaluation of 225Ac/213Bi generator breakthrough and the radionuclidic purity of 213Bi labeled radiopharmaceutical dose formulations. A quantitative multi-dimensional proportional scanning method was employed to distinguish and measure specific daughter radionuclides. This method combines thin layer chromatography in two perpendicular directions with attenuated collimation as a function of time for data collection and analysis. Francium-221 and 213Bi eluted differentially from the generator, and 221Fr contributed minimally to unchelated 213Bi in the reaction and final products. Lead-209 was present in the reaction solution, but not strongly bound by the chelating moiety either (i) under the 213Bi labeling reaction conditions or (ii) following chelated 213Bi decay. As a consequence of incorporating several new procedures to the operation of the generator, 225Ac breakthrough in the final product was further reduced and represented a trivial contaminant in the final drug formulations.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Actinium / isolation & purification*
  • Actinium / therapeutic use
  • Bismuth / isolation & purification*
  • Francium / isolation & purification
  • Humans
  • Lead Radioisotopes / isolation & purification
  • Leukemia / radiotherapy
  • Radiochemistry / methods
  • Radioimmunotherapy
  • Radioisotopes / isolation & purification*
  • Radiopharmaceuticals / isolation & purification*
  • Radiopharmaceuticals / therapeutic use

Substances

  • Lead Radioisotopes
  • Radioisotopes
  • Radiopharmaceuticals
  • Francium
  • Actinium
  • Bismuth