In this review, we summarize the successful interplay between three disciplines, organic synthesis, biophysics and cell biology, in the study of protein lipidation and its relevance to targeting of proteins to the plasma membrane of cells in molecular detail. Highlighting the example of the Ras proteins, we show how the development of new synthetic methodologies paved the road to the synthesis of lipidated peptides and--by a combination of chemical and molecular biological techniques--lipidated proteins as molecular tools. We further give an overview of the results of the biophysical properties and biological activities of the molecules synthesized by means of this interdisciplinary approach. This successful combination of different disciplines led to a better understanding of the selective targeting of Ras and related lipoproteins to the plasma membrane.