Myositis ossificans traumatica (MOT) is a pathological condition characterized by extraskeletal formation of bony tissue, induced by violent or repeated trauma. Reports of this pathology occurring in the region of the head and neck are rare, and even more so in the muscles of mastication. We present the case of patient with MOT of the temporal muscle, the etiology of which seems to be related to traumatic manipulations during dental treatment. A review of the literature is presented and the surgical approach, which resolved this case is discussed.