Abstract
To determine the possible contribution of glial cells via oxidative stress/cytokine secretion in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or multiple sclerosis (MS) the concentration of nitric oxide (NO) (by the Griess method) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) were measured in resting rat microglial and astrocytic cell culture supernatants stimulated by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (dilution 1:4, 1:10) from patients with the aforementioned diseases. Neither the concentration of NO (optical density at 450 nm: control, 0.036+/-0.006; MS, 0.034+/-0.008; AD, 0.031+/-0.006; PD, 0.02+/-0.01; lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 0.26+/-0.018) nor the amount of IL-6 (ng/ml: control, 0.112+/-0.026; PD, 0.12+/-0.027; MS, 0.123+/-0.008; ALS, 0.137+/-0.01; LPS, 1.81+/-0.11) differed in any disease group from those of unaffected controls. These findings suggest that the stimuli for inflammatory activation of glia are quite localized and not present in sufficient concentrations in the CSF of affected patients.
MeSH terms
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Astrocytes / drug effects
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Astrocytes / immunology
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Astrocytes / metabolism
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Autocrine Communication / drug effects
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Autocrine Communication / immunology
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Cells, Cultured / drug effects
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Cells, Cultured / immunology
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Cells, Cultured / metabolism
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Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins / immunology
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Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins / metabolism
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Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins / pharmacology
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Cytokines / immunology*
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Cytokines / metabolism
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Cytokines / pharmacology
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Encephalitis / cerebrospinal fluid*
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Encephalitis / immunology
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Encephalitis / physiopathology
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Gliosis / cerebrospinal fluid*
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Gliosis / chemically induced
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Gliosis / immunology
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Humans
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Interferon-gamma / immunology
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Interferon-gamma / metabolism
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Interferon-gamma / pharmacology
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Interleukin-1 / immunology
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Interleukin-1 / metabolism
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Interleukin-1 / pharmacology
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Interleukin-6 / immunology
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Interleukin-6 / metabolism
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Interleukin-6 / pharmacology
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Lipopolysaccharides / pharmacology
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Microglia / drug effects
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Microglia / immunology
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Microglia / metabolism
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Neurodegenerative Diseases / cerebrospinal fluid*
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Neurodegenerative Diseases / immunology
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Neurodegenerative Diseases / physiopathology
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Neuroglia / drug effects
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Neuroglia / immunology*
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Neuroglia / metabolism
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Nitric Oxide / immunology*
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Nitric Oxide / metabolism
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Oxidative Stress / immunology*
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / immunology
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / metabolism
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / pharmacology
Substances
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Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins
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Cytokines
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Interleukin-1
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Interleukin-6
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Lipopolysaccharides
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
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Nitric Oxide
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Interferon-gamma