Lung cancer is still actually a leading cause of death in industrial countries, while the major etiologic agent, the tobacco smoke, is clearly identified. Primary or secondary prevention's strategies are frequently unsuccessful. The main survival chance is an early diagnosis of the disease. Efforts in the lung cancer screening have to be continued. Therapeutic strategies improved but progress in terms of survey are disappointing. Hopes relies on new drugs development coming from fundamental research, for whom first clinical trials are ongoing.