During the past 25 years, much new information about the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and prognosis of various forms of childhood epilepsy has been compiled. This has resulted in improved treatments that have helped an increasing number of children with epilepsy overcome unchecked seizures and the accompanying social stigma, enabling them to lead full and rewarding lives. The purpose of this supplement is to present a scientific and clinically relevant examination of some of the major breakthroughs in pediatric epilepsy, including a review of the latest advances in our understanding of the fundamental basis of childhood epilepsy. Additionally, this supplement will discuss persisting diagnostic issues, explore the role and use of new therapeutic options, and contemplate future treatment approaches. The articles are the result of a closed symposium held in January 2001.