Recent advances in prostate cancer have focused on treatment strategies in patients with biochemical relapse and novel methods of androgen deprivation therapy such as intermittent therapy, the role of bisphosphonates, and immunotherapeutic approaches. Continued investigation into the mechanism of androgen independence and effective treatments for hormone-refractory disease are described. This article reviews the major advances in prostate cancer published between November 1, 2000, and October 31, 2001.