The increase in life expectancy is associated with a sharp rise in cognitive disorders, particularly after the age of 80 years. The identification and management of risk factors for these invalidating and distressing conditions must be considered a priority. Hypertension has been shown to carry an increased risk not only for cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality, but also for cognitive impairment and dementia. The fact that antihypertensive treatment has been demonstrated to decrease those risks offers a new opportunity to reduce the prevalence of such related disorders and to promote healthy aging.