Between January 1975 and June 2000 565 patients with thoracic injuries were treated at our institution. 116 of them had penetrating thoracic traumas and 42 injuries of the heart and great vessels. Study includes two groups of patients: hemodynamic stable and hemodynamic unstable ones. Different algorithms of management, techniques, treatment and prognosis are described. In the group of hemodynamic unstable patients the emergency surgical treatment had to be performed sometimes even without the benefit of any radiological imaging method. Mortality rate of patients having reached the hospital equated 23.8%. The surgical treatment results were better in the past decade because of improvement in prehospital care and higher quality of emergency medical system. The possibility of fast transportation allowed a higher percentage of critically injured patients to reach the hospital alive.