Primary hepatic lymphoma (PHL) is a rare tumor and its clinical behavior remains unknown. We report a case of PHL in a 47 year-old male patient without chronic liver disease and with preoperative diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody and anti-hepatitis C virus antibody were negative. The patient underwent a right trisegmentectomy, and pathologic examination revealed a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The clinical and pathologic features are presented. A review of the literature discussing clinical features, postulated pathogenetic mechanisms, and management options are also presented.