The characteristics of the existing cases in the region, the adequacy of the structures with respect to the needs, and the satisfaction of patients undergoing dialysis have been analysed as part of an ongoing project for the development of a Regional Outline for Health Organisation in the Poitou-Charentes region of France. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the haemodialysis units, dialysis facilities and patient associations in the region and bordering areas where patients were being treated. As of March 31, 2000, the prevalence of chronic renal failure was estimated to be 373 people per one million of the population. According to the nephrologist, the adequacy of the care structures was found to be satisfactory for 82% of the patients. The main reasons for non-adequacy were first, the lack of intermediate structures between centres and outpatient units; second, the patient's refusal to be referred to another structure; and finally, other medical, physical and intellectual factors. For 90% of patients, their treatment method corresponded to their choice of therapy. The lack of a nearby structure was equally recognised as a primary reason for dissatisfaction. It should be noted that 42% of the patients under 60 years old felt that they were either poorly or very poorly informed of their rights, the coverage and the treatment of this illness.