Abstract
Unmethylated CpG motifs present in bacterial DNA rapidly trigger an innate immune response characterized by the activation of Ig- and cytokine-secreting cells. Synthetic oligonucleotides (ODNs) containing CpG motifs mimic this activity, triggering monocytes to proliferate, secrete and/or differentiate. Analysis of hundreds of novel ODNs led to the identification of two structurally distinct classes of CpG motif that differentially activate human monocytes. ODNs of the "K"-type interact with Toll-like receptor 9 and induce monocytes to proliferate and secrete IL-6. In contrast, "D"-type ODNs trigger monocytes to differentiate into mature dendritic cells.
Publication types
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
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Review
MeSH terms
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Animals
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CpG Islands / immunology*
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DNA Methylation
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DNA, Bacterial / immunology*
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DNA, Bacterial / physiology
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Drosophila Proteins*
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Humans
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Immunity, Innate / immunology*
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Immunization
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Lymphocyte Activation*
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Membrane Glycoproteins / metabolism
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Monocytes / immunology*
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Monocytes / microbiology
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Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / immunology
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Receptors, Cell Surface / metabolism
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Toll-Like Receptor 9
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Toll-Like Receptors
Substances
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DNA, Bacterial
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Drosophila Proteins
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Membrane Glycoproteins
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Oligodeoxyribonucleotides
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Receptors, Cell Surface
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TLR9 protein, human
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Toll-Like Receptor 9
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Toll-Like Receptors