PIP: Demographic and socioeconomic differentials in preference for number and sex of children in a rural community in Korea based on the Coomb's Preference Scale are discussed. The Coombs Scale consists of 7 quasi-interval values from 1 to 7; point 4 indicates an unbiased attitude toward family size or sex composition, and departure in either direction indicates the degree of preference. The study population was 239 women aged 20-49 who were living with their husbands in Kang Wha Koon, Korea, July 1974. The average age of the women was 36 years, the educational level was below the national average, most depended on agriculture for their living, and more than 1/2 had no religion. The number of children (IN) was 4.619 denoting a large number of preference, and the scale for sex bias (IS) was 5.322, showing son preference. IN revealed a positive relationship with age, and the IN scores showed a significant relationship with education. Number of live births, number of living children, and number of children wanted were significantly related to both IS and IN scores. IN scores were significantly related to the woman's education and her contraceptive history. The 2 preference indexes did not seem to be correlated.