We used the transplantation of purified autologous peripheral blood CD34+ stem cells to treat a 16-year-old female patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), who had received unsuccessful treatment with steroids and immunosuppressants, and has achieved satisfactory therapeutic effect. The diagnosis of SLE was established one year ago, and the patient had SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) of 21 on admission. After ineffective treatment with dexamethasone and cyclophosphamid (CTX) for 3 months, purified autologous peripheral blood CD34+ stem cell transplantation was adopted. Autologous peripheral hematopoietic stem cells were mobilized by intravenous injection of 2.0 g/d cyclophosphamid (CTX) for 3 d and subcutaneous injection of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF, 300 microgram/d). A CS-3000 plus blood cell separator was used to collect peripheral blood stem cells, and cell count of mononuclear cells and CD34+ stem cells and epitope analysis of T and B lymphocytes were performed by FACscan flow cytometry. After purification with CliniMACS, the number of CD34+ stem cells reached 15.13x106/kg, while that of CD3+ cells were only 1.35x105/kg. Pretreatment of the patient consisted of intravenous injection of (50 mg/kg each day)for 4 consecutive days and antithymocyte globulin (ATG, 2.5 mg/kg each day) for 3 consecutive days with methylprednisolone (MP) at the dose of 1.0 g on the first day and 0.5 g on the following 2 days. The granulocytes were recovered by G-CSF stimulation. The purified CD34+ stem cells (60 ml) were reinfused within 24 h after pretreatment, following which changes in clinical manifestations and immunologic markers were compared with those before the transplantation. Clinical and immunologic remissions were achieved after transplantation, with all the autoantibodies reversed to the negative, suggesting the short-term effectiveness of this therapy. Based on this observation, we conclude that this therapy is possible to effect an eventual cure of SLE in this case, but the long-term effect needs to be further observed in the follow-up study.