Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) regulated gene expression contributes to many of the effects of GH on cellular metabolism, growth and differentiation. Study of model systems has revealed several mechanisms by which GH regulates gene expression. Regulation of expression of the proto-oncogene c-fos involves STAT-, MAPK, and PI-3K-mediated changes in transcripton factors. STAT 5 plays important roles in regulation of spi 2.1 expression and in the sexually dimorphic expression of some liver genes. GH-regulated STAT 5 has also been implicated in regulation of other physiologically important genes, including those encoding components of the IGF-I axis and insulin. Together, these studies provide insight into GH signaling mechanisms and diverse physiological roles of GH.
Publication types
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
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Review
MeSH terms
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Animals
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CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta / physiology
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DNA-Binding Proteins / physiology
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Female
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Gene Expression Regulation / drug effects
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Gene Expression Regulation / physiology*
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Genes, fos
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Growth Hormone / pharmacology
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Growth Hormone / physiology*
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Human Growth Hormone / pharmacology
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Human Growth Hormone / physiology
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Humans
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Insulin / biosynthesis
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Insulin / genetics
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Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / physiology
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MAP Kinase Signaling System / drug effects
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MAP Kinase Signaling System / physiology
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Male
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Milk Proteins*
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Models, Biological
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Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / physiology
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Promoter Regions, Genetic
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Proto-Oncogene Mas
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Rats
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Receptors, Somatotropin / drug effects
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Receptors, Somatotropin / physiology
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STAT5 Transcription Factor
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Sex Characteristics
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Signal Transduction / drug effects
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Signal Transduction / physiology
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Trans-Activators / physiology
Substances
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CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta
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DNA-Binding Proteins
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Insulin
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MAS1 protein, human
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Milk Proteins
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Proto-Oncogene Mas
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Receptors, Somatotropin
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STAT5 Transcription Factor
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Trans-Activators
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Human Growth Hormone
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Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
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Growth Hormone