Treatment of Graves' ophthalmopathy does not always provide favorable results. After several decades of efforts, glucocorticoids, orbital radiotherapy (OR) and surgery (orbital decompression) remain the milestones in the management of this disease. OR produce favorable results in about 55-60% of patients. Its effectiveness is increased by the association with systemic glucocorticoids. Recent studies have cast some doubts on its real effectiveness and this is discussed by participants in this Forum. Selection of patients is particularly important to assess treatment outcome, because OR is unlikely to provide beneficial effects in patients with longstanding and inactive eye disease. OR is a safe procedure, with very limited side-effects. It should be used in patients older than 35 years of age. It is recommended that a large, multi-center, prospective, randomized and controlled study with well defined inclusion criteria be carried out to draw sound conclusions on the role of OR in the management of Graves' ophthalmopathy.