In order to observe effects of air pollution from burning coal on children's health, Four hundred fifty junior schoolers selected from three survey sites in Taiyuan city with different degrees air pollution were investigated using questionnairing survey and the lung function were tested. The results showed that children's pulmonary function in survey site A is lower than site B, and site B is lower than site C. The prevalence of ventilation disfunction were correlated to the types of heating, the separation of kitchen and bedroom and the pollutants concentration with logistic model. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that compared with site C, FVC and FEF50 in site A decreased by 65.80 +/- 33.35 ml and 119.27 +/- 78.74) ml respectively and, in site B, decreased (57.28 +/- 31.22) ml and (114.29 +/- 58.80) ml respectively (Model 1). FVC and FEF50 decreased by 69.10(31.50 ml and (119.79 +/- 86.82) ml respectively with one unit increase of Ln (SO2) (Model 2). FVC and FEF50 decreased by 193.50 +/- 65.55 ml and 171.69 +/- 87.11 ml respectively with one unit increase of Ln(PM10) (Model 3). It can be concluded that the air pollution from coal consumption in Taiyuan city had impact on the children's lung function.