Acute cholecystitis revealing polyarteritis nodosa is classic but rare in adulthood. We report two cases observed during childhood.
Case reports: The association of a persistent inflammatory syndrome, positive antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies and of a vasculitis with fibrinoïd necrosis led to the diagnosis in two pediatric patients.
Conclusion: The diagnosis of polyarteritis nodosa is difficult and often delayed. Cholecystectomy can help to such a diagnosis in the presence of acute cholecystitis.